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[lastpost] => 2808303 以太坊 2026 年转型：为什么基于证明的验证对节点至关重要（转） 1771753496 rainwang
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以太坊 2026 年转型：为什么基于证明的验证对节点至关重要（转）
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2月11日，以太坊（ETH）开发者和研究人员将齐聚一堂，参加首届L1-zkEVM研讨会。此次活动或将预示着未来以太坊区块验证将变得更快、更轻量、更便捷。
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路线图：L1-zkEVM 和 EIP-8025
5 \; L6 R- c: M这项计划属于以太坊 2026 年 L1-zkEVM 路线图的一部分。其核心特性 EIP-8025（也称为可选执行证明）引入了一种新的验证途径。+ y# z+ d G# N% w
' @: T- Z( }4 G! u1 T0 w8 i" k4 d与其要求每个验证者重新运行（或“重新执行”）区块内的所有交易，系统将允许被称为 zkAttester 的专门参与者使用零知识 (ZK) 证明来验证区块。
i+ I" U6 B- ~3 U2 x8 O7 a3 W; c
重要的是，此次升级是可选的。未进行升级的节点将继续按现有方式运行。! q& K4 q1 X- M/ p8 T. @4 M6 V
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这为什么重要？
: R N* b" n0 w+ o8 J2 x现在，以太坊为了确认交易的正确性，验证者必须重新执行每个区块中的每笔交易。随着网络活动的增长，这将变得非常消耗资源。
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2 \" F1 r4 H$ {, v0 V零知识证明改变了这种局面。验证者无需重复所有计算，只需检查一个加密证明即可确认区块的有效性。验证速度显著提升，硬件资源占用也大幅降低。7 w2 K4 R) ]. A8 n# U
' C4 B5 X4 X8 e* l: Y7 B1 Q更低的存储、带宽和计算需求，使得在消费级笔记本电脑上运行完全验证节点再次成为可能。( D+ q2 [3 w6 @# O
$ Z5 I w: e0 F如果参与成本降低、参与门槛降低，即使 gas 限制和产量增加，个人质押者和家庭验证者也能保持竞争力。
* x2 {& s5 \4 [/ N
! N& b( k0 s" D; p安全、架构和全局
6 C2 K! A) q6 `" w* H. A$ f; i根据 EIP-8025，区块只有在多个独立证明（目前提议为五个证明中至少三个）得到验证后才会被接受。这既保证了客户端的多样性，又降低了对单一实现的依赖。+ o; S9 L M, X( f0 m
* \( v2 @6 E5 |2 f声明内容如下：
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9 B9 N5 l: {/ _: P: _这项工作分为六个子主题：执行见证和客户程序标准化、zkVM-guest API 标准化、CL 集成、证明器基础设施、基准测试和指标以及使用形式化验证的安全性。" j7 z9 \% o$ y+ ?; t6 [, G; A; s
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除了 L1 层之外，此举还有助于规范执行见证人和 zkVM 接口。这将使已经致力于以太坊区块证明的 Rollup 和证明基础设施提供商受益。. h4 \5 a' r' p) e" ~8 S! C
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最后想说的话* [4 Y& ~6 M$ E* t
EIP-8025 可以让以太坊区块验证速度更快、重量更轻，从而能够再次在笔记本电脑上运行。* r, t+ C( E$ S5 R# M& Z
以太坊将在扩展其基础层的同时，有效提升安全性。
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+ ^4 D; ^ c. ^* |这都是什么事？非常专业的我不懂啊 |
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