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[lastpost] => 2760251 认识特朗普的核心加密圈：始于高尔夫球场的「加密朋克」 生意（转） 1756227668 caoch
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一提到金融，大家最先想到的恐怕就是银行。不管是转账、存款还是贷款，几乎都得通过银行来完成。这就是我们熟悉的中心化金融。银行，就是那个不可或缺的中心。
3 U7 b' k( _ k2 g/ `% I+ H但有没有一种可能，金融活动可以不再依赖银行这样的中间机构？答案就是DeFi，去中心化金融。
- T: V5 N2 t; B# {1 `; n* |在DeFi的世界里，一切金融操作都在区块链上完成，靠的是提前写好的智能合约自动执行。
- U) e2 f ~+ @! r* N- R9 y没有柜台、没有信贷员、甚至没有银行，只有代码和规则。
7 f. Q8 F# f9 g. Z' P6 a以借贷为例。( ?! E$ t9 P/ I1 J8 k8 y8 @
传统世界里，你想向银行贷款，得提交收入证明、抵押房产，签一堆文件，等银行审核通过后才能拿到钱。5 R+ q! w5 t0 V2 R; n3 r, z$ R: ?
而在DeFi中，这一切变得像在一个全自动的当铺里进行。你不用面对任何人，只需跟程序打交道。
: Q @8 a/ E* y0 L [, y4 t4 p这个当铺能运转，靠的是下面3个核心部件; i7 W1 w; m# t6 L3 g4 V& P
区块链好比一个公开的账本，记录所有交易，谁都不能篡改。比如在以太坊上记录了你的账户下有1000个以太币，你有这1000个以太币才能进行抵押借贷。
$ j+ p% ?' L5 r) E8 T: ^( n然后抵押借钱的关键在于，你抵押的资产到底值多少钱。
" l" m4 D, T7 I" X6 S4 ~* K3 D传统金融中有专门的人来评估你的房产。在Defi中则依靠Chainlink 预言机，它负责实时汇报外部价格。比如说1个以太币3000美元。 l. y) J0 X+ D+ S. {
有了区块链和预言机，当铺才知道了你抵押的资产值多少钱。但你能借多少钱，利息多少，钱从哪里来。
7 j5 t( v# N* Z( H! J这些就是借贷协议层，这里就相当于当铺本体，规定了借贷行为的各种规则
% t+ {' Y4 Y. ~; U( l! f9 [典型代表有 Aave 和 Compound。9 Q& _0 ~% Z5 { Q8 R
比如我们定义了资金池，所有想赚利息的人，把钱存进来的，形成了一个大资金池。这些钱就可以拿去借给别人。8 ]* P: Y1 Q" `& d" t; }
你想借钱，就从池子里拿。你存钱进去，就相当于当了债主，能收到别人借钱的利息。/ v4 c# K1 v3 b& Y
你想借100块钱，那你必须抵押价值至少150块的东西，防止你借钱跑了。2 t+ Q/ @( I* G: V6 u) v7 b
万一你抵押的东西价格暴跌，只值120块了，机器人店员不会打电话催你，会直接把你抵押的东西卖掉，先把100块本金拿回来，保护资金池的安全。这个过程就叫清算，对你来说很无情，但对存钱的人来说很安全。1 x- K# f. @3 C4 U3 ? ]; \
这些零零散散的借贷协议，保证了当铺的运作。
& a: u, U; ?6 h* r" ZDeFi不是虚无的概念，它正在重构我们对金融的认知。当然，它仍处于早期阶段，高收益往往高风险，特别是智能合约漏洞和资产波动可能导致资产直接归零。/ E; W+ y1 b" y8 S* J- U' a
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