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DAO 不需追求完美,只需精益求精。 原文标题:《分叉之道》(Go Fork Yourself) 撰文:Packy McCormick 编译:郭倩雯 在游戏中,「速通」意味着尽可能快地通关游戏。比如超级马里奥 64 的全球速通记录保持者是不败的 Cheese(本名 Allan Alvarez,是一名速通玩家),他边唱歌边和 Twitch 直播平台的评论者互动,用时 1 小时 37 分 50 秒通关游戏。 加密货币借用了这个词汇。它正在速通金融市场和治理的历史。 速通是一个巧妙但不完美的类比。首先,顶级速通玩家早已玩了几千次游戏,几乎次次完美过关。其次,速通游戏的终点永远相同,且游戏速度稳定不变。 但加密世界则大不相同。没有人可以不犯错误。DeFi 协议和(CeFi 主体)做的很多事情都是金融市场中发生过的,它们犯下同样错误,收获相同教训。 DAO 也在经历同样的治理模型——从直接民主到代议制民主,从直接股东投票到董事会管理——这些方式都曾应用于地方与国家的政府和公司。它们只是速度更快,把几千年的实验缩短到十年以内。 Andy Hall 和 Porter Smith 把它称为光速民主。这个名字就更接近了。 但是其发展不应止于此。在线广告起初是印刷版广告的复刻,以横幅广告的形式出现,但随后演变为更丰富精巧、在线下无法实现的工具包。同样,DAO 治理也应不局限于线下模式。 DAO 治理更像一种生态过程:治理原生于网络,不断演变。 我们的目标不应是在线上再现线下治理——在不断试错后,网络原生组织不能也不应像以地理单位的政府一样运行,因为面临的局限也不同。一旦在线治理模式演变达到某一程度后,它应当不同且优于线下模式,因为它在速度、规模、颗粒度、可编程度、可组合度、与互联网和区块链的绑定度上都占有优势。 那如果我们把模式反过来呢? 如果 DAO 治理的目标不是要在管理层传达的有限选择上达成共识,而是促使人们在各组织决定上产生分歧。大型社群若尾大不掉,难以协作,就继续划分为更有效的小型社群,共建价值。 DAO 治理的前景也许就是分叉: 通过治理使人们产生分歧,产生子社群——在这里成员目标一致,能够创造符合自己愿景的项目。分叉在这种意义上就是去中心化的最终形式。于是治理成为社会图景的基石,在这里人们能寻找同伴,分享和实现共同利益。 在其最简形式中,这种治理是一种去中心化的管理,激励社群对偏好进行分享与评级。通过健康的分歧形成子 DAO,鼓励生态系统进行演变。 从这一角度看,治理机制不再那么有防御性——花费更少精力关注如何保护整个 DAO 免受攻击——它变得更有攻击性、更有趣——更关注如何让治理成为娱乐、社会发现、传播的手段。 当然,DAO 治理没有一劳永逸的模式。我们不推崇每个 DAO 马上头脑发热,开始分叉。实际上,分叉应是最后一种手段。我们想说的是,不同类型的治理能够让不同组织拥有不同标准,适用于它们认为对自己系统重要的事情。从本质上说,生物多样性能够保护整个生态系统。 当然这一模式也面临挑战。其中最明显的就是流动性减少和复杂性增加。我们后续讨论。 如果实验和试错是必经之路,那我们也应当有所收获。在约束变少的有利局面下,我们应在终点不同的方向上进行实验,利用新型工具创造新的互联网原生机会。也许有一天,这些新模式会反过来影响人类线下的协调方式。也许线上和线下的界限会变得模糊,以至政府和公司会采用在这种演变中诞生的新模式。 |
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