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当前离线
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一提到金融，大家最先想到的恐怕就是银行。不管是转账、存款还是贷款，几乎都得通过银行来完成。这就是我们熟悉的中心化金融。银行，就是那个不可或缺的中心。
2 s0 F3 V. k4 j! h3 \但有没有一种可能，金融活动可以不再依赖银行这样的中间机构？答案就是DeFi，去中心化金融。
3 |8 ~- F' l1 {- Q% p在DeFi的世界里，一切金融操作都在区块链上完成，靠的是提前写好的智能合约自动执行。, s" R6 B8 i8 q! K
没有柜台、没有信贷员、甚至没有银行，只有代码和规则。0 a: [; S! k( f, X
以借贷为例。# M; X5 E: R+ d7 d2 Q8 S7 J X, @
传统世界里，你想向银行贷款，得提交收入证明、抵押房产，签一堆文件，等银行审核通过后才能拿到钱。
+ ? G8 ?3 k: f) M而在DeFi中，这一切变得像在一个全自动的当铺里进行。你不用面对任何人，只需跟程序打交道。2 q6 H' Z" p; E! C6 f. W9 Q$ ^
这个当铺能运转，靠的是下面3个核心部件2 Q" q. Q7 B5 P, U H- n" E) _! M
区块链好比一个公开的账本，记录所有交易，谁都不能篡改。比如在以太坊上记录了你的账户下有1000个以太币，你有这1000个以太币才能进行抵押借贷。
; I9 C& g7 w, E7 {" |4 p8 q然后抵押借钱的关键在于，你抵押的资产到底值多少钱。# |# n( k, E/ G' X5 o% F& h
传统金融中有专门的人来评估你的房产。在Defi中则依靠Chainlink 预言机，它负责实时汇报外部价格。比如说1个以太币3000美元。/ S( P( Z1 c* p; U
有了区块链和预言机，当铺才知道了你抵押的资产值多少钱。但你能借多少钱，利息多少，钱从哪里来。# [) Z0 C4 F" b2 E' Z8 u |
这些就是借贷协议层，这里就相当于当铺本体，规定了借贷行为的各种规则8 j) `. O, Q* h. m# B
典型代表有 Aave 和 Compound。6 ]8 J! @- p3 F( H2 y- [# B# s
比如我们定义了资金池，所有想赚利息的人，把钱存进来的，形成了一个大资金池。这些钱就可以拿去借给别人。
: R, x* r$ l ~你想借钱，就从池子里拿。你存钱进去，就相当于当了债主，能收到别人借钱的利息。
8 f. a9 S1 n" H* m- q你想借100块钱，那你必须抵押价值至少150块的东西，防止你借钱跑了。, \) ?' `4 ~9 C
万一你抵押的东西价格暴跌，只值120块了，机器人店员不会打电话催你，会直接把你抵押的东西卖掉，先把100块本金拿回来，保护资金池的安全。这个过程就叫清算，对你来说很无情，但对存钱的人来说很安全。" y& P. w, C: z( ~2 x0 q1 x5 f
这些零零散散的借贷协议，保证了当铺的运作。, `) i. O$ U% ]* n- |
DeFi不是虚无的概念，它正在重构我们对金融的认知。当然，它仍处于早期阶段，高收益往往高风险，特别是智能合约漏洞和资产波动可能导致资产直接归零。, ?. o' i4 H# T& x3 g; U8 X7 n" A! I
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DeFi就是金融版的自助餐厅，无需排队银行，直接和智能合约搞定 |
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当前离线
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