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[虚拟币交流]
稳定币为何突然火了？从“洗钱工具”到合规金融，背后的秘密！
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提到稳定币，很多人只知道它“价格稳”，却不知道它的走红，源于一场币圈的“生死自救
! [- t8 U- {$ M9 N5 j9 Q”。, R6 W8 G# f3 a
2017年9月4日，是加密货币市场的“分水岭”——在此之前，天朝老百姓买加密货币比充话费还简单，交易所APP充值就能换币，连大爷大妈都被忽悠入场，各路“鸡币”“屎币”等山寨币泛滥，不少人血本无归。
& L; T0 \: c! X/ {, c5 ~% i8 |也正是这一天，监管部门出手，禁掉加密货币交易所的人民币充值渠道。4 b- n. X: b; A( d7 x# O* I) ~) M
此后，全球银行也对加密货币交易所避之不及——毕竟这些平台资金往来混杂赃款、黑钱，常被用于洗钱，银行稍不留意就会被卷入麻烦。# m. q$ N% Z4 ~
没了充值渠道，交易所的财路眼看要断，他们很快想出一招：
1 f5 _% D, y4 y+ d5 E3 C% Z场外交易* X+ ~+ ^& ]8 m
。2 T6 e8 `1 }" `/ K8 M/ `5 G
简单说，就是让想买币的“小绿”和想卖币的“小黑”私下交易，交易所只做撮合，不碰资金，以此撇清关系。
& j7 X4 ~+ ~2 S7 x可场外交易有个大问题：# l; m6 r8 L0 o3 x4 b) _
不即时
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小绿转账、小黑确认到账再放币，整个过程要5-15分钟，而币价在这段时间里随时波动——涨了小黑反悔，跌了小绿要退钱，扯皮不断，效率极低。; d: x& l4 ]2 C3 D2 g: I
交易所急了：毕竟还等着赚交易手续费。这时，美元稳定币进入视野。' t9 l' F3 Q: A1 x$ ~: F& V; d
这种币的发行方承诺“1:1抵押美元”，发行1个就有1美元背书，价格几乎稳定在1美元，波动极小。
; G$ n8 w# N1 S+ q5 m0 G% u有了它，小黑先把币换成稳定币（加密货币兑换秒到），再用稳定币跟小绿的法定货币交易，彻底解决了币价波动导致的扯皮问题，效率一下提上来了。
* E* S3 W3 A8 @7 }/ ?% j% z# y& r2 T一开始，稳定币只是“9 [6 ~# [$ H% h9 E* U* _ o
临时兑换工具
+ V2 z4 K: l8 Y% S, g4 f; j1 b% k”，可后来大家发现：换成法定货币怕收到黑钱被冻账户，不如直接拿稳定币更省心。
1 C1 Y6 r, b3 I! C% o* n" a就这样，早在2014年就出现的稳定币，在2017年9月后突然火了。尽管后来也出现过英镑、欧元、人民币稳定币，但最终还是美元稳定币占据主流。
9 X/ j, P8 ~9 q8 \" @不过，早期稳定币处于“无监管”状态，风险暗藏。有些发行方用“1块钱抵押发1块稳定币，卖币换钱后再抵押发新币”的循环模式，哪怕初始只有1块钱，也能迅速扩张到数十亿规模。
6 b2 R8 \8 C. M+ l: x一旦发行方挪用抵押资金投资亏了或跑路，后果不堪设想。
% r1 L& n; f# f+ U1 M, [9 L6 J监管只能“拼图执法”：哪个部门能沾上边就管，哪条法律能套用就用。# Z: c7 C1 \' k* p) h3 t
比如2018年，美国纽约检察官依据《马丁法案》调查某稳定币公司，发现其抵押物并非全是现金，还有大量企业欠条、定期存款甚至加密货币，罚了1850万美元；没多久，美国商品期货交易委员会又找上门，再罚4250万美元。7 o/ f: J) s+ A7 D
这种执法模式不仅容易重复处罚，还可能出现“三不管”地带，甚至规定冲突。
* a+ \, x6 Y) e! G% T1 C3 I如今，情况变了。大型机构开始涉足加密货币，他们最看重“法律清晰、风险可控”，没监管的稳定币自然入不了眼。
4 }% R3 e. g* n \" z9 S4 D( K而交易所怕罚款、监管怕爆雷，三方需求一致，推动稳定币走向合规。今年香港通过《稳定币条例》，就是最好的证明——全球多地也在跟进制定专项法规，要把稳定币从灰色地带拉进合法金融服务的范畴。
( B4 A4 S# s2 c/ _/ A4 e至于“美元稳定币能缓解美国债务危机”的说法，虽有道理但作用有限。
1 I% d* X( i; n4 D% j8 ^目前市面上2000多亿美元规模的稳定币，背后多抵押美国国债，相当于间接帮美国财政融资。
! n& y2 x! n/ s, |5 F可美国债务已达36.2万亿美元，稳定币的体量，顶多算个零头。
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稳哥当年94一刀切直接把交易所整懵逼了，没稳定币谁还敢玩场外啊，USDT这玩意儿真是救了币圈半条命 |
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