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体育博彩集团操纵比赛 21世纪裁判频繁出事的根源
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近年，无孔不入的足球Dubo也成为裁判们频频出事的重要源头。随着足球的发展，体育博彩的方式也在不断翻新。从最简单的赌胜、平、负，到让球盘、进球数，现在已经发展到赌开球、红黄牌数、犯规次数等等。相比之下，后发展起来的项目因为更容易被裁判操控，博彩公司也更愿意把钱花在裁判身上。
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9 u/ u1 N7 T; f/ Y) H+ V“控制开球4万美元，这是国际标准。”一位国际足坛圈内人透露。而2004年被逮捕的德国裁判霍伊泽交代了其中更细微的奥妙，“硬币都是正反面，将它抛到空中后按在手中，裁判从手感上就知道究竟是哪一面。一般赌开球，比赛前10分钟左右就不再接受下注，这时庄家就会通知主裁判由谁来开球。而裁判只需要直接把手打开，或者翻一面打开，就可以达到控制由谁开球的目的。”从2005-2006赛季开始，德甲联赛规定，裁判在挑开球时，抛向空中的硬币只能自然掉到草皮上，不能再经过裁判的手。
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7 I% ~" a+ h5 u; i1 J3 n" o+ k霍伊泽14岁开始接触裁判工作，他于2002年成为德国足协注册裁判以来，执法了4场德国杯和12场德乙联赛。他在多场比赛中存在作假行为，而让他“一战成名”的是2004-2005赛季德国杯首轮比赛，在霍伊泽的操纵下，甲级劲旅汉堡2比4败于丙级的帕德伯恩。此后，德国足协接到举报，有人下了重金押帕德伯恩获胜。霍伊泽因参与操纵比赛锒铛入狱，由此也引发了德国足坛声势浩大的反黑运动。
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控制红、黄牌数对裁判来说更是易如反掌。“很多犯规都属于可给可不给牌的，给与不给，就是从博彩公司收钱的副业。”那位国际足坛圈内人表示。按照通行的标准，完成红、黄牌任务，一般的“劳务费”是8万美元。
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在去年南非世界杯期间，为了防止Dubo集团通过“美女、金钱、生命威胁”等方式收买或操纵球员、裁判，国际足联绞尽脑汁。往届世界杯，国际足联对执法裁判实行了半军事化的管理，几乎24小时派人“盯”住裁判们的一举一动。比赛期间，裁判不能直接接听从外面打进来的电话。此外，国际足联单独成立了一家名叫“早期预警系统”的公司，对全球各大Dubo公司进行监控，力图将Dubo集团对世界杯的影响控制到最小。不过，国际足联的这些努力，并没有使人们相信这些措施是绝对有效的。德国北威州波鸿警方称，仅2009年度，欧洲足坛至少有200场比赛中有球员、教练和裁判等人员涉嫌收受金钱贿赂操控比赛。6 B; `+ c7 y; t; l. N3 n
- }+ R' F) o9 Z9 S2 g' Y更可怕的是，媒体对这些假球、体育博彩事件的报道，让原本没有参与其中的裁判深受其害。在场上此起彼伏的“假球”、“黑哨”声让裁判们步履维艰，一次简单的判罚都会成为媒体攻击的焦点，而原本不可避免的错判更是会让裁判成为球迷攻击的靶子。 |
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