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金色前哨 | 向加密公司敞开大门 美联储敲定主账户准入方针
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外媒消息指出,当地时间8月15日,美联储宣布已敲定关于向新型金融机构提供主存款账户(Master Account)准入的新指导方针。Master Account是美国(和国际)金融链中的关键环节。美联储主账户允许机构直接访问美联储的支付系统。它使金融机构能够最直接地获得美国的货币供应。那些没有主账户的人往往被迫依赖拥有主账户的合作银行来提供服务。 报道称,新指南有效地标准化了对拥有“新信托许可证”公司申请主账户准入的考虑,例如加密托管银行及其行业协会。 联邦储备系统是美国的中央银行。它执行五项一般职能,以促进美国经济的有效运行,更广泛地说,促进公共利益。美联储执行国家货币政策以促进美国经济的最大就业、稳定物价和适度的长期利率;促进金融体系的稳定,并通过在美国和国外的积极监督和参与来最大限度地降低和控制系统性风险;促进个别金融机构的安全和稳健,并监测它们对整个金融体系的影响;通过向银行业和美国政府提供促进美元交易和支付的服务,促进支付和结算系统的安全性和效率;和通过以消费者为中心的监督检查、对新出现的消费者问题和趋势的研究和分析、社区经济发展活动以及消费者法律法规的管理,促进消费者保护和社区发展。 
美联储建立了一种账户结构,通过单一主账户将存款机构和联邦储备银行之间的账户关系集中起来。机构主账户的管理由一个储备银行集中管理,可选子账户的使用为机构提供了隔离其账户信息的灵活性。机构的主账户存放在机构所在地区的储备银行。对于每家机构,在任何美联储办事处使用美联储服务产生的所有贷方和借方都记入一个储备银行的单一主账户。因此,主账户在美国和国际金融链中的起着关键作用。 随着近年来提供新型金融产品或具有新颖章程的机构的增多,许多机构要求访问联邦储备银行提供的账户和支付服务。储备银行必须使用一组透明且一致的因素来评估所有访问请求,这一点很重要。此前,许多公司在申请此类账户时受到了阻碍。本次,联邦储备委员会完成了旨在规范“主账户”申请的指导方针,尽管这些指导方针不是硬性规定,但它们为金融科技和加密公司敞开了大门。 该指南与2021年首次提出的指南大体相似,并将创建一个多层系统,允许美联储根据申请的金融机构类型调整其评估流程以授予访问权限。每一层分别对应一个更严格的审查过程。根据指导,一级银行将获得联邦保险;二级银行不会获得联邦保险,但仍“受到联邦银行机构的审慎监管”;第三层由“不受联邦保险且不受联邦银行机构审慎监管”的公司组成,这很可能适用于怀俄明州的加密银行。 实际上,金融科技公司的主账户问题一直备受争议。此前,数字资产银行 Custodia(以前称为 Avanti)还因此起诉联邦储备委员会和堪萨斯城联邦储备银行推迟对其申请中央银行主账户的决定。投诉称,怀俄明州特许加密银行 Custodia 希望开设一个账户,以“大幅降低成本”并“为金融服务用户带来新产品和选择”。但根据它的投诉,它的应用程序在过去一年半的时间里一直处于停滞状态。因此,数字资产银行 Custodia 因申请延迟起诉美联储。 而本次新指南有效地标准化了对拥有“新章程”的公司的主账户的考虑。最终确定是在广泛的评论期之后进行的。 来源:金色财经 |
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